京城风尚 | 内画鼻烟壶 方寸之间的精致工艺

京城风尚 | 内画鼻烟壶 方寸之间的精致工艺

Trendy Products of Old Beijing | Inside-painted Snuff Bottle: Art in Your Pocket

内画鼻烟壶是鼻烟传入中国后出现的

Inside-painted snuff bottle is a unique folk handicraft emerging after snuff tobacco 

一种独特的民族手工艺品种

was introduced into China.

这种技艺精妙绝伦

Noted for exquisite craftsmanship, 

在小小的鼻烟壶上

this kind of small snuff bottle 

通过雕刻、镶嵌、花丝等多种民间工艺

adopts traditional techniques such as carving, inlaying, and filigree

同时通过中西方的绘画技法

as well as Chinese and Western painting techniques

将大千世界融于方寸鼻烟壶之上

to paint a variety of subjects in the world onto a tiny bottle. 

什么是「鼻烟壶」

What is a snuff bottle?

鼻烟系一种烟草制品

Snuff tobacco is a kind of tobacco product. 

当时的人们通过鼻嗅鼻烟用来提神

People snuff it with their noses for refreshing.

因此，顾名思义

As its name suggests, 

这鼻烟壶就是用来放鼻烟的器物

snuff bottle is something used to contain snuff tobacco,

随身携带的鼻烟壶

which one can carry in his pocket. 

鼻烟壶小的三四厘米高，大的也就七八厘米

The height of a snuff bottle ranges from 3 or 4 cm to 7 or 8 cm, 

壶口内径不足5毫米

and the inner diameter of its mouth is usually less than 5 mm. 

玲珑小巧的造型及其精致的雕画

Its exquisite design and delicate carved paintings

使得鼻烟壶一度受到达官显贵和文人雅士的推崇

made it once popular among dignitaries and literati.

后来人们嗜用鼻烟的习惯几近绝迹

Later, with the gradual extinction of snuff tobacco, 

鼻烟壶就作为一种精美艺术品流传了下来

snuff bottle survived only as an exquisite handicraft.

什么是「内画」

What is inside painting?

“内画”就是指在透明壶体做好后

Inside painting refers to the process of the painter using 

画者再通过使用特制的笔

specially designed pens to draw pictures on the inside surface

在壶内壁完成绘画作品的过程

of an unpainted glass snuff bottle. 

一般用竹笔

The pens are usually made of bamboo, 

笔身细长，笔尖带钩，可蘸取颜料

which are thin and long, with a hooked tip to dip in pigments. 

笔尖小心穿过壶口

The painter carefully penetrates the pen tip through the opening of the bottle

从壶外面看着画

and paints on the inside surface while watching outside. 

内画题材

Subjects of inside painting

内画题材广泛，一般涉及花鸟、山水、人物、草虫、博古，多取自古时画册、小说插画、戏曲人物等。

Inside painting involves a rich variety of subjects, including flowers and birds, landscapes, figures, insects, and historical stories, which derive from ancient illustrated books, classical novels, and traditional operas. 

内画流程

Steps of inside painting 

『勾线』

Outlining 

也叫起稿，完成图画线稿

Also called drafting, this step aims to outline the entire picture. 

『淡墨皴染』

Light ink rendering 

加工线稿，增加图案立体感

This step aims to add 3D touch to the picture through rendering the outline. 

『色彩分染』

Separated color rendering 

增加画面颜色层次

This step aims to increase the layers of colors. 

『着色』

Coloring 

对线稿分步着色渲染

This step aims to add colors to the draft step by step. 

『内画流程图』

The steps of inside painting

京派内画鼻烟壶

Beijing-style inside-painted snuff bottle

起初鼻烟壶流入北京后

In the early days after inside-painted snuff bottles were introduced to Beijing,

主要为皇亲贵戚、王公大臣及有地位的旗人所用

they were mainly used by the royal family, aristocrats, senior officials, and dignified members of the Eight Banners.

但除了宫廷造办处外

Apart from the Workshops of the Imperial Household Department,

民间也大量地制造鼻烟壶

many folk craftsmen around China were also engaged in the production of snuff bottles.

清末民初摆地摊照片 鼻烟壶、古玩杂货摊

A street stall selling snuff bottles, antiques and other stuffs in the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and the early Republic of China period (1912-1949). 

在1890-1945年间

In the period from 1890 to 1945,

这一“方寸间的艺术”达到了顶峰

the handicraft of snuff bottle making reached its zenith, 

并出现了号称“四大内画名家”的周乐元、丁二仲、马少宣、叶仲三

giving birth to the “four inside painting masters”—Zhou Leyuan, Ding Erzhong, Ma Shaoxuan, and Ye Zhongsan. 

通过这些民间匠人的笔尖勾勒

With their superb skills, those eminent folk craftsmen

创作出了最初的北京内画鼻烟壶

created the earliest inside-painted snuff bottles in Beijing.

周乐元 内画山水人物图鼻烟壶

An inside-painted snuff bottle featuring landscape and figure paintings by Zhou Leyuan. 

周乐元 内画鼻烟壶 台北故宫藏

An inside-painted snuff bottle by Zhou Leyuan, collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. 

丁二仲 鼻烟壶作品

A snuff bottle by Ding Erzhong. 

马少宣 水晶内画蝴蝶图鼻烟壶

An inside-painted crystal snuff bottle featuring a painting of butterflies by Ma Shaoxuan. 

叶仲三 画婴戏图鼻烟壶

A snuff bottle featuring a painting of playing children by Ye Zhongsan. 

叶仲三 画荷塘清趣图鼻烟壶

A snuff bottle featuring a painting of tranquil lotus pond by Ye Zhongsan. 

北京内画鼻烟壶的绘画内容多

Beijing-style inside-painted snuff bottles boast diverse painting subjects that

表现我国的历史文化

demonstrate China’s splendid history and culture,

极具欣赏和研究价值

thus having high aesthetic and academic value. 

2007年，“京派内画鼻烟壶”被列为北京市级非物质文化遗产

In 2007, Beijing-style inside-painted snuff bottle was listed among municipal-level intangible cultural heritage of Beijing.

2008年，内画（北京内画鼻烟壶）入选国家级非物质文化遗产名录

In 2008, it was inscribed on the national intangible cultural heritage list of China. 

这一「集多种工艺之大成于一身的袖珍艺术品」

A tiny artwork integrating diverse techniques, inside-painted snuff bottle

让中国美学工艺在世界上大放异彩

sheds light on traditional Chinese aesthetics and crafts.