孟加拉拉纳广场大楼坍塌事故至今已有十年了。在那个灾难性的日子里，至少有1132人（主要是服装女工）遇难，2500多人受伤。这场灾难受到全球关注，并引发了一场全球运动，旨在防止此类悲剧再次发生。然而，世界各地的工作场所每天仍在发生类似的大大小小的致命事故。
事实上，全球每年约有290万男女死于职业安全事故和职业病；这意味着每天有超过8000人为此失去生命，此外还有至少4.02亿人经历非致命职业伤害。这不仅给受害者个人带来灾难和痛苦，也造成了巨大经济损失。据估计，职业安全事故和职业病导致全球年生产总值损失5.4%。
工作中的安全和健康关系到我们每一个人。每一起职业安全事故和每一种职业病都是可以预防的。预防是重中之重。
自2004年以来，国际劳工组织及其中国三方成员每年在4月28日“世界职业安全健康日”通过组织纪念活动来提高企业和工人职业安全与健康意识，从而使企业和工人更好地了解在每个工作场所建立安全和健康工作环境的重要性。
安全和健康的工作环境至关重要，国际劳工组织于2022年6月迈出了历史性的一步，将安全和健康的工作环境原则纳入其工作中的基本原则和权利框架。
这意味着什么？
这很重要，现在职业安全和健康不能再被视为可有可无的额外事项。国际劳工组织186个成员国现在都有义务尊重、促进和实现安全和健康的工作环境，将其作为一项工作中的基本原则和权利，无论该成员是否批准了国际劳工组织关于职业安全和健康的核心公约。
这很重要，原因有几个方面。首先，它承认每个工人都有权受到保护，免受可能在工作场所造成伤害、疾病或死亡的危害和风险。
国际劳工组织将职业安全和健康作为一项基本权利，向各国政府和雇主发出了一个明确信息，即必须承担起为所有工人提供安全和健康的工作环境的责任。
当工人在工作场所感到安全和健康时，则更有可能提高生产力和生产效率，这能为工人、雇主以及整个经济获得裨益。相反，当工人因工作场所的危险而受伤或生病时，这会对生产力和经济增长产生重大的负面影响。
在中国，职业安全健康在许多方面都取得了进展。中国已批准了6项与职业安全健康相关的国际劳工公约，其中包括1981年《职业安全和卫生及工作环境公约》(第155号)，该公约已于2022年成为一项核心公约。在过去的二十年里，中国在职业安全健康方面取得了显著进步。2005至2021年间，工作场所总死亡人数下降了83%，其中煤矿部门的死亡人数下降了98%。这显示了政府和社会伙伴作出坚定承诺的巨大力量。
为帮助所有工人实现职业安全和健康，必须把这项权利与组织和集体谈判权利、废除强迫劳动和童工劳动、消除就业和职业歧视等国际劳工组织的工作中的基本原则和权利的其它方面协同起来。这些工作中的基本原则和权利是近年来缔结的多数自由贸易协定（如《太平洋伙伴关系协定》）中劳工相关条款的重要组成部分。
为建立健全的职业安全和健康预防文化，必须重视雇主和工人之间的社会对话和在工作场所的合作。工会在这方面可以发挥重要作用，帮助工人表达诉求，并为工人提供职业安全和健康培训。同时，企业一级的职业安全和健康委员会在帮助工人和雇主共同解决安全和健康问题方面可以发挥至关重要的作用。
现在，安全和健康的工作环境已成为每个工人的基本权利。政府、雇主、工会以及供应链上下游的企业必须共同努力，推动这项权利落地。
为此，让我们做出共同的承诺，通力合作，全面促进保护所有工人的基本权利，为实现社会正义和人人享有体面工作的目标而一起努力。
英文原文：
A safe and healthy working environment is a fundamental right for every worker
It’s now ten years since the Rana Plaza building collapsed in Bangladesh. That fateful day, at least 1,132 people – mainly female garment workers – were killed and more than 2,500 injured. The disaster seized global attention and led to a global campaign to prevent such tragic incidents. Yet such fatal accidents, big or small, happen in workplaces across the world every day.
In fact, some 2.9 million women and men around the world succumb to work-related accidents or diseases every year; that’s over 8,000 deaths every single day, and at least 402 million people suffer from non-fatal occupational injuries. The toll is enormous in terms of personal tragedy and hardship. And it comes with huge economic loss. It is estimated that occupational accidents and diseases lead to a 5.4 per cent loss of annual global GDP.
Safety and health at work concerns every one of us. Every accident at work and every occupational disease can be prevented. Prevention is the key. Since 2004, the ILO and its Chinese tripartite constituents have been organizing commemoration events on April 28, the World Day for Safety and Health at Work, to build awareness of every enterprise and worker on the importance of building a safe and healthy working environment at every workplace.
A safe and healthy working environment is so important that in June 2022 the International Labour Organization took a historic step when it added a safe and healthy working environment to its Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.
Why does this matter?
It matters because occupational safety and health can now no longer be viewed as an optional extra. All of ILO’s 186 member states are now obligated to respect, promote and achieve a safe and healthy working environment as a fundamental principle and right at work, irrespective of whether they have ratified either of the ILO’s conventions relating to occupational safety and health.
This is significant for several reasons. First and foremost, it recognizes that every worker has the right to be protected from hazards and risks that can cause injury, illness, or death in the workplace.
By making occupational safety and health (OSH) a fundamental right, the ILO is sending a clear message to governments and employers of all countries that they must take responsibility for providing a safe and healthy working environment for all workers.
When workers feel safe and healthy in their workplace, they are more likely to be productive and efficient. This can benefit workers, employers as well as the wider economy. Conversely, when workers are injured or become ill due to workplace hazards, it can have a significant negative impact on productivity and economic growth.
In China, progress on OSH is being made on many fronts. China has ratified six OSH-related international labour conventions, including the Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155), which has become a fundamental Convention in 2022. China has made remarkable progress on OSH in the last two decades. Between 2005 and 2021, total workplace fatalities declined by 83%, and those in the coal mining sector were down by 98%. It shows what can be achieved when there is a strong commitment by government and social partners.
For OSH to become a daily reality for all workers, it must be addressed alongside ILO’s other Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. These relate to the right to organize and collective bargaining, the elimination of forced and child labour as well as ending discrimination in the world of work. These fundamental principles and rights at work are an important part of the labour provisions in most of the free trade agreements concluded in recent years, such as the CPTPP.
The participation of both employers and workers through social dialogue and workplace cooperation is vital if a sound culture of prevention in OSH is to be created. Trade unions have an important role to play in this regard, helping voice concerns of workers as well as training them in OSH basics. Meanwhile, enterprise level OSH committees allow workers and employers to jointly address safety and health issues.
A safe and healthy working environment is now a fundamental right for each and every worker. Governments, employers, trade unions as well as companies at every level of the supply chain must work together to make this right a reality.
We can do so through shared commitment, joint efforts and by taking a holistic approach. One which recognises and promotes all fundamental workers’rights and helps deliver social justice and decent work for all.